Serious diseases require powerful drug exposure. Ceftriaxone is able to provide it. This is a modern drug with a wide spectrum of action, which will help to cope with a whole list of pathologies.

Forms of release, composition

Ceftriaxone antibiotic is available in powder form, which is packaged in 0.25; 0.5; one; 2 g. It is in a glass vial or ampoule where the dilution solution is poured. In this way, you can prepare the drug for intramuscular injection or intravenous drip. The medicine is white or with a yellow tint.

The main active ingredient is ceftriaxone. This is an antibiotic belonging to the group of cephalosporins and β-lactams. They have a special chemical structure, based on a ring of 7-ACC. The drug has a bactericidal effect by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan. This substance is part of the bacterial membrane, which is destroyed without it. With such damage, the cell cannot function, and the microorganism dies.

Pharmacological properties and indications for use

Injections with the drug have a bactericidal effect. Ceftriaxone was created in the 3rd generation of cephalosporins. This is one of the most effective common drugs against bacteriological infections of a wide spectrum.

The medicine helps with many diseases.

Sensitive bacteria include:

  • Gram + aerobes (S.aureus and epidermidis, Str. pneumoniae, viridans, pyogenes);
  • Gram-aerobes (Enter. Cloacae and aerogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Borrellia, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Nayseria, Moraxella, Morganella, Proteus common and mirabilis, Serratia spp, several species of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pale trepon);
  • anaerobes (Clostridia, except for Difficil, Bacteroids, Peptostreptococcus).

In laboratory tests, positive results were shown by Citrobacter, Salmonella, Providence, Shigella ordinary. Ceftriaxone does not affect some microorganisms. These include many Enterococci, Streptococcus D.

The bioavailability of the drug is 100%. These are very high indicators, which can be achieved, including by the method of administration and the form of release of the drug. The maximum concentration of a substance in the blood appears already at the end of the infusion. And when intramuscularly enters the body after 2-3 hours. Ceftriaxone binds to plasma proteins almost completely, which allows you to suppress infection in distant parts of the body. It easily enters the cerebrospinal fluid with meningitis, which provides a quick positive result.

The time during which the drug is half eliminated from the body depends on the form of administration. If the drug enters through the muscle, it takes from 6 to 9 hours, and if through the vein, then from 4.5 to 16 hours. Also, the health of the kidneys affects the metabolic rate. Ceftriaxone leaves the body through the excretory or digestive system. Hemodialysis with it is ineffective, since it passes unchanged.

Instructions for use of the drug suggests that the drug can be used for any diseases caused by sensitive microorganisms.

Ceftriaxone is prescribed for the following conditions:

  • epiglottitis;
  • diffuse infection in the space of the peritoneum (peritonitis, suppuration of the gallbladder, angiocholitis);
  • sepsis;
  • an infectious disease of the respiratory system (pneumonia, pleural empyema, pulmonary abscess, bronchitis, etc.);
  • bacterial septicemia;
  • syphilis (the drug of choice with the ineffectiveness or inability to use penicillin);
  • bacterial infection of the musculoskeletal system and its parts;
  • dermatological infectious pathologies;
  • meningitis of bacterial etiology;
  • infection in a wound or burn;
  • bacterial damage to the urogenital region (pyelitis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, epididymitis);
  • prevention of certain infectious diseases with a high risk of infection;
  • maxillofacial infections;
  • endocarditis caused by bacteria;
  • chancroid;
  • typhoid infection;
  • Lyme disease (borreliosis after a tick bite);
  • carriage of salmonella or salmonellosis;
  • gonorrhea without complications (if the pathogen is capable of producing penicillinase);
  • infection of the ENT organs (sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media).

If the patient has a disease suitable for the appointment of Ceftriaxone, it is necessary to sow for sensitivity. If he is positive for this antibiotic, they are treated with it.

Age restrictions on admission

Ceftriaxone injections according to indications are done from the first year of life. They are treated with pneumonia and bronchitis, which threaten the lives of babies due to the characteristics of the respiratory system and the high rate of development of complications. But you can not prescribe it yourself, for such an early use, the responsibility is the attending physician.

The instructions for the drug indicate the dosage for children from 12 years old. It is the same with adult patients. For a young child, the amount of medicine is calculated by the pediatrician individually, taking into account the weight and condition of the patient.

Instructions for use Ceftriaxone for children and adults

The dosage of the drug is the same for children from 12 years old and adults. It is from 1 to 2 g per day. The frequency of administration of the drug is 1 time per day with the right amount or at 12 hours a dose of 0.5.If the causative agent exhibits antibiotic resistance, 4 g per day is acceptable.

The duration of therapy varies depending on the disease and its pathogen. When infected with bacteria of the genus Neyseriya, including gonorrhea), then a positive effect is achieved in 4 days. Treatment for infection with Enterobacteriaceae is carried out from 10 to 14 days.

In ampoules for injections

The medicine has two routes of administration - through the muscle or vein. The choice depends on the condition of the patient and his disease. The second method gives a faster effect, and the first is easier to execute.

You can also dilute the drug in several ways - lidocaine (1%, 2%) or water for injection. The first option is preferable when introduced into the muscle. It allows you to reduce the pain from the injection, since this injection is quite painful. When used through a vein or allergic to an anesthetic, Ceftriaxone is diluted with water for injection. It must be sterile so as not to provoke a secondary infection by organisms resistant to this antibiotic.

The treatment regimen is developed taking into account the disease and its pathogen. For the treatment of gonorrhea, the drug is administered 1 time in a dose of 250 g intramuscularly. And to get rid of meningitis, the amount is calculated per kilogram of weight of 100 mg, but not more than 4 g. When positive dynamics are achieved, the dosage is reduced. For prophylactic purposes, with a high risk or suspected infection, as well as 30-90 minutes before surgery, the patient is given from 1 to 2 g of antibiotic.

Before the child reaches the age of 14 days, the drug is administered to him once in 24 hours. The amount of medicine is calculated as 20-50 mg per 1 kg of weight per day. More than 50 mg per day can not be entered, in children the enzyme system is not formed.

Up to 12 years, the dosage per day is also calculated by weight. It can reach 75 mg. If the child's weight has passed beyond 50 kg, treatment is prescribed as an adult. If necessary, the introduction of the drug in an amount exceeding 50 mg / kg, it is administered intravenously drip for at least half an hour. Such a medicine should be diluted only with water for injection, so as not to disturb the blood circulation. And for infusion, 2 ml of Ceftriaxone are taken 400 ml of isotonic solution, 5% fructose or 5-10% dextrose.

Ceftriaxone is most often diluted with 1% or 2% lidocaine with water in a ratio of 500 mg of antibiotic to 2 ml of anesthetic at a concentration of 1% (for 2%, take 1.8 water and anesthetic and distribute the finished product to 2 syringes). For 1 g, 3.6 ml of the drug is required (or 1.8 lidocaine 2% each and water). At the same time, 250 mg requires the same solution as 500 mg, but is distributed into 2 syringes. Shelf life of the finished mixture is not more than 6 hours.

Attention! For children, dilutions with anesthetics are unacceptable due to the risk of anaphylaxis and seizures.

Therefore, in pediatrics only water for injection or distilled liquid is used. In this case, you need to enter extremely slowly to deliver minimal discomfort to the child. Calculation of water goes for 1 g of medicine 10 ml of liquid.

For intramuscular injections, an adult needs a needle with a marking of at least 4. An injection is made into the upper right quadrant of the right buttock, without bringing about 2-3 mm to the skin. More than 1 g of the drug should not be administered in one buttock.

In pills

In tablet form, the medicine is not available. When introduced through the gastrointestinal tract, it acts on the tissue, irritating them. This can cause complications from the internal organs.

In some cases, ceftriaxone is replaced with analogues that are tablets. Such agents have a lower bactericidal effect and have a greater burden on the liver. But their introduction does not require special skills, so they are popular.

Ceftriaxone during pregnancy and lactation

Ceftriaxone is not prescribed until the 12th week of pregnancy, as this can cause irreversible changes in the fetus. After this period, antibiotics can be used, but it is better to choose safer analogues. If the drug is prescribed to a nursing woman, during the treatment, the child is transferred to artificial feeding.

Can I drink alcohol while taking the drug

Taking antibiotics simultaneously with alcohol will cause a serious blow to the patient’s liver. It will also provoke severe poisoning, which will affect the patient’s well-being in a bad way. Therefore, drinks with ethanol for the duration of therapy should be discarded.

Drug Interactions with Other Drugs

The appointment of Ceftriaxone with other antibiotics is not allowed. Due to the action on the gastrointestinal tract, the synthesis of vitamin K is suppressed. Because of this, the drug is not taken simultaneously with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and sulfinpyrazone, which reduce blood coagulation. Otherwise, bleeding may occur that will be difficult to stop.

For the same reason, anticoagulants should be abandoned during therapy. And the use of Ceftriaxone together with loop diuretics (Furosemide) increases the nephrotoxicity of the drug. This can lead to the development of renal failure.

Contraindications, side effects and overdose

Ceftriaxone is a potent drug, so it has a list of contraindications.

These include:

  • an allergic reaction to cephalosporins;
  • prematurity in the child;
  • increased bilirubin in the blood of a newborn;
  • lactation period;
  • failure of the kidneys or liver;
  • ulcerative colitis, enteritis.

If one of the factors is present, treatment requires the selection of a similar drug suitable for the patient. But even with the correct appointment of Ceftriaxone, side effects can occur.

These include:

  • a decrease in the amount of urine excreted (oliguria);
  • allergic reactions (increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, skin itching, fever, urticaria, rash, erythema, chills, serum sickness, anaphylaxis);
  • disruption of the digestive tract (vomiting, nausea, increased gas formation, taste perversion, diarrhea, stomatitis, glossitis, sludge in the biliary tract, dysbiosis, false cholelithiasis, enterocolitis, candidiasis, etc.);
  • dizziness, migraine-like pain;
  • hematopoietic pathology (anemia, a decrease in the number of platelets, granulocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils, an increase in the content of leukocytes, including basophils, the presence of blood in the urine, massive nosebleeds);
  • inflammation of the vascular wall (with intravenous administration);
  • pain along the way or in the injection area.

Side effects can be observed not only because of the antibiotic, but also because of the reaction of the body to the anesthetic with which the drug was diluted. If the allowable amount of Ceftriaxone is exceeded or the dose is incorrectly selected, overdose phenomena appear. These include excitation of the nervous system and convulsions. This condition is considered urgent and requires immediate medical attention, especially if it occurs in young children.

Antibiotic Analogs

If there are contraindications, it is possible to select ceftriaxone analogues for therapy. A drug with a completely identical composition does not exist, but there are antibiotics with a similar mechanism of action and effects.

These include:

  • Ceftriabol;
  • Cefaxon;
  • Toroceph;
  • Cefogram;
  • Loraxon;
  • Medaxon;
  • Ificef;
  • Cefazolin;
  • Cefotaxime.

Since ceftriaxone belongs to the group of cephalosporins, analogues are selected from the same category. But for some patients, injectable forms of medication are not suitable.

In this case, prescribe drugs with a similar effect in tablets:

  • Cephoral Solutab;
  • Pantsef;
  • Suprax Solutab;
  • Spectraceph;
  • Cefpotek.

Analogs have a smaller spectrum of action and do not have such a powerful effect on pathogens. Therefore, the decision to replace the drug and the choice of the optimal dosage of the new one is carried out by the attending physician. Doing it yourself is highly discouraged.

Ceftriaxone is considered one of the strongest antibiotics with a very wide spectrum of effects. It helps to quickly get rid of bacterial infections and avoid the complications associated with them. But you need to be extremely careful with the drug because of the risk of side effects and not use it without a doctor’s prescription.

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