The diverse herbaceous plants that grow on Earth amaze the imagination. Some of them bloom in beautiful flowers or have decorative leaves, others are edible, others have healing properties and are able to cure all ailments. Our article is devoted to the description of certain types of herbs, their appearance, and useful properties.
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Annual herbaceous plants - list and descriptions for open ground
Annual herbaceous plants completely die off at the end of the vegetative period. With the onset of favorable weather conditions, they again grow from seeds, managing to form a stem with leaves in one year, bloom and give seeds.
Gubastik, gatsaniya and marigolds with beautiful flowers are grown in flower beds, like ornamental plants. Flax and rapeseed are of great economic importance, and the sequence is a valuable medicinal plant.
Read also: succession - medicinal properties and contraindications
Gubastik tiger
Gubastik belongs to the Frim family. It grows in temperate regions everywhere except Europe. The Latin name of the plant, mimulus, in translation means "comedian" or "buffoon." The flower received such a name for the unusual shape of the corolla and variegated, spotty coloration.
Various types of mimulus are grown in flower beds, like ground cover plants.Interesting varieties with a characteristic color of flowers were developed, for example, tiger gubastik.
For many, the tiger variety is admired by its colorful flowers.
- It grows low, up to 35 cm.
- It can be grown from seeds in the flowerbed and in the indoor planter.
- Mimuls flowers exude a delicate pleasant aroma.
- During flowering, which lasts from June to September, it is all strewn with gramophone flowers.
It can be propagated by cuttings, like petunia, in order to preserve the varieties of your choice for the next year. In open ground, the flower does not winter, and although it is a perennial, it is grown as an annual plant. Unlike petunia, it is undemanding to light.
Gatsaniya harsh
Gatsaniya is a herbaceous plant of the Astrov family, whose homeland is Africa. It is grown in flowerbeds, as a decorative, thanks to large flowers with bright colors - yellow, orange, red, white, brown or motley. The plant loves the sun, easily tolerates the lack of watering and poverty of the soil.
Gatsaniya does not tolerate frost, therefore, does not winter in the flowerbed. You can dig out a flower and bring it into the house during frosts, and in the spring again plant it in the garden. But it’s easier to grow it like an annual, sowing seeds every spring.
Marigold
This is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant, the genus of which has about 50 species. The birthplace of marigolds is America, the Latin name Tagetes was given to him by Carl Linea in honor of Tagits, the grandson of God Jupiter. Hybrid varieties of marigolds are grown in central Russia in the flower beds. These flowers were loved by flower growers of cheerful, orange or yellow color, abundant flowering and unpretentiousness in the care.
These types of marigolds are widespread:
- small flowered;
- aniseed;
- upright;
- thin-leaved, or Mexican.
Marigolds bloom from June to the very frosts and are perfectly combined with many flowers in the flowerbed.
The height of the plant is from 20 to 120 cm. But the flowers differ not only in the height of the bush, but also in the form of inflorescences, which can be terry, semi-double, cloves, chrysanthemum or simple. Leaves are most often pinnately divided or pinnately dissected.
Linen
Annual flax is a delicate blue or lilac flower with graceful stems native to the eastern Mediterranean.
Flax blossoms are spectacular and unusual. His flowers bloom for one day.
People have been growing this plant since time immemorial. Its seeds are used for medicinal purposes, and yarn is made from stems. Some varieties are planted like decorative flowers on a flower bed.
Flax is a sun-loving plant, does not tolerate shading. It is advisable to set aside a separate flower garden for it, since the plant propagates easily by self-sowing and grows, occupying a large space. Flax seeds are planted on a flower bed in March, and it is impossible to grow flax seedlings through seedlings - it has brittle roots. Therefore, the seeds are planted immediately in open ground.
Spring and winter rape
Rapeseed is a good honey plant, because it is often sown next to apiaries. It belongs to the Cabbage family. This bright yellow flower blooms in May. But the main value of rapeseed is not in flowers - it is used as a valuable oilseed for food and industrial purposes, goes to feed livestock. Oil is made from seeds.
There are two varieties of plants - spring and winter. The latter does not tolerate drought and severe frosts, but it is a good fodder crop and honey plant.
Three-part sequence
A succession is a medicinal plant that has been grown in Russia for a long time. Belongs to the genus Astro family. A warm and hygrophilous plant grows in nature along the banks of ponds and in the fields, and gets into the gardens like a weed. With the help of this herb, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, dysentery, and purulent wounds are treated.
In central Russia is widespread a three-part series, which is called so because its sheet is divided into three blades. In medicine, only this type of plant is used.
A three-part series is an annual, its height is from 30 cm to 1 meter, the seeds are small, with two horns. In Russia, before the revolution, the plant was harvested on an industrial scale, and it is cultivated today. In pharmacies you can buy infusion and briquettes of herbs.
Open biennials
Grassy biennials live two years. In the first year, the main vegetative organs are formed - the root and stem with leaves. And in the second year - generative, there is a peduncle and seeds. Unlike perennials, biennials do not have modified underground shoots - bulbs, rhizomes and tubers.
The majority of garden root crops belongs to biennials, as well as valuable medicinal plants - speckled hemlock, marsh calf, blue cornflower, motherwort diverse.
Hemlock
Speckled hemlock is a tall herbaceous plant with white umbrella flowers from the Umbrella family. When collecting medicinal raw materials, it is important to distinguish hemlock from other plants similar to it. If you pluck the leaves or flowers of the hemlock and rub in the hands, they have the smell of a mouse nest. On the trunk are visible red droplets, similar to blood droplets.
In nature, grass grows in flood meadows and forest edges. It often comes to gardens as a weed, but can also be used for medicinal purposes.
Hemlock is used to treat various ailments - to fight oncology, cramps and cramps.
The patch and extract are used as an external pain reliever.
Cirsium marsh
Cirsium is a biennial or perennial plant from the Astrov family, in which more than 400 species are known. Such grass grows in meadows and fields, is considered a weed, as it penetrates into crops. Some types of artype are used in folk medicine, grown as ornamental and vegetable crops. Its inflorescences are rounded baskets with tubular flowers of raspberry or violet color. This plant is a good honey plant.
- The marsh calf has a spiny stem and spiky leaves.
- Plant height - from 50 cm to 2 meters.
- Cirrus leaves dissected on short petioles, with thorns along the edge and pubescent from above.
- Blooms in purple, less often white flowers.
The plant loves moist soil, grows in Siberia and on the European part of the continent in swampy forests and river valleys.
Blue cornflower
Blue cornflower from the Astrov family is an excellent honey plant and a valuable medicinal plant. Bees make nectar of its flowers a thick honey with a pleasant almond smell. Blue cornflower grows in nature in the Caucasus, Siberia, Central Asia and the European part of Russia.
For medicinal purposes, use the petals of its flowers as a choleretic and diuretic.
Decoctions of cornflower are used for coughing, nervous and stomach diseases, lotions are made with them to treat eczema and ulcers.
This unpretentious flower is grown as an ornamental plant in the flowerbed. It can be sown with seeds directly into the open ground. Cultural varieties bloom not only blue, but also white, pink, burgundy flowers from June to September.
Motherwort
This herbaceous plant from the family Iasnatkovye prefers clay-sandy soils rich in nitrogen. It has a root root and green stems with a reddish-violet hue from 50 cm to 1 meter high. Small purple flowers are collected in the axils of the upper leaves, forming a spike-shaped inflorescence. The plant blooms in June or July. It is found in Russia in the Far East and Eastern Siberia.
For medicinal purposes, use the stems, leaves and flowers of motherwort. Alcohol tincture of the plant can be bought at the pharmacy. It is used as a sedative for nervous diseases, as well as an antispasmodic for spastic pain, coughing and seizures.
Perennial herbaceous plants
In perennial grasses, overhead shoots die off at the end of each vegetative period and in winter, plants in open ground are at rest.
In the spring, they again begin to grow from the renewal buds on the underground modified shoots. Among perennials there are many ornamental and medicinal plants.
River Gravilate
The genus Gravilate of the Rosaceae family includes about 50 species that are found in the northern and southern hemispheres of the Earth. On the territory of Russia, 7 types of gravilate are growing, one of them is river gravilate. It can be found on moist, rich soils along the banks of streams and swamps.
- This is a perennial herb up to 80 cm high.
- The stem is weakly branching in the upper part.
- The stems of the gravilate are densely covered with hairs.
- It has two types of leaves - stem and root.
- Unusual bell-shaped, lowered flowers of the plant. Their petals are very small and nondescript, and the bright sepals are painted in a reddish-brown color.
Gravilate seeds form after self-pollination of flowers in July or August. For medical purposes, use leaves, flowers and rhizomes of plants.
They have an astringent, hemostatic, restorative, analgesic, wound healing and diaphoretic action. This plant is recognized as official medicine.
Gaylardia large-flowered
Gaylardia - a perennial or annual plant for open ground, creating a compact bush with numerous flowers. Belongs to the Astrov family, its homeland is North and South America. In total, there are 24 species of gaillardia in nature. Especially good for open ground Gaylardiya large-flowered.
On a flower bed, propagate it by seeds or by dividing a bush. The flowers have an orange middle and yellow petals at the ends. They look very sunny and bright, and bloom throughout the warm season. The plant is drought tolerant and unpretentious in care.
Goose bow
This herbaceous bulbous plant from the Liliaceae family grows in Europe, Asia and North Africa.
- Inflorescences in goose onions are umbellate.
- Star-shaped flowers are colored yellow and consist of six petals arranged in two circles.
- After flowering, the aerial part of the plant dies.
Goose onions are used in folk medicine, it can be consumed boiled. The plant propagates with the help of bulbs, which sometimes form on the site of buds, in the axils of the leaves or on the bottom of the bulb.
Cornflower
Cornflower is used in ornamental horticulture and in folk medicine. There are over 150 species of this plant. They are perennial and belong to the genus Ranunculaceae. According to legend, the grass got its name after the healer Vasilisa, who with her help healed the wounds of soldiers.
In folk medicine, cornflower leaves are used to treat skin diseases.
The height of the plant can be from 5 cm to 2.5 m. The smallest Alpine cornflower grows in the tundra and in alpine meadows. Coloring of flowers can be the most diverse - pink, white, yellow or purple. They are collected in dense, sometimes loose, inflorescences - a whisk or brush.
Wolfish bast
This is a shrub from the genus Daphne family Volchnikovye. It blooms in central Russia before all other shrubs with pink or white fragrant flowers.
- Flowers grow in bunches of 3 or 5 pieces on bare shoots that are not yet covered with leaves.
- Bright red fruits, the size of a cherry stone, which appear in July or August, are poisonous, have a sharp-burning juice.
- The poison is also found in other parts of the plant.
Wolf bast or wolf berries are bred like ornamental plants in gardens, creating hedges from bushes. There is an interesting garden form blooming in November with purple flowers.
Folk healers use the bark and berries of the plant as an external remedy.
In traditional medicine, the use of the plant is prohibited, since it is very toxic.
Goryanka large-flowered
Goryanka, Colorless, or Epimedium, belongs to the Barberry family. These are perennial grasses with creeping rhizome and bright flowers. Many decorative garden forms, which are grown on shady flower beds, have been bred. Plants love moist, fertile soil.
Most species bloom in spring, but some continue to bloom throughout the summer. There are decorative leafy, evergreen, large-flowered and other varieties. Large-flowered goryanka is grown as a perennial ornamental plant in the flowerbed. It is used in Chinese traditional medicine to enhance male potency.
Astra New Belgian
Astra is a New Belgian native to North America. It belongs to the genus Symphiotrichum.
- The height of the bush, depending on the species, can be from 50 cm to 150 cm.
- The stems are branched, dotted with large paniculate inflorescences, consisting of small purple flowers, up to 2 cm in diameter.
Plants tolerate frosts well, are undemanding in care, multiply by dividing the bush 1 time in 4 years. Cultivated varieties with interesting coloration and shape of flowers were developed. Both new species and the progenitor can be affected by powdery mildew.
White aconite
This perennial plant from the family Ranunculaceae in nature grows in Altai, Siberia, Central Asia and Mongolia. Plant height is about 50 cm to 2 meters. Purple flowers are collected in multi-flowered brushes.
For medicinal purposes, use the whole plant. White-leaved aconite is harvested during fruiting and dried.
Gentle anemone
This beautiful ornamental plant from the Ranunculaceae family has been grown in culture since the 19th century.
Varieties with various colors of flowers are bred:
- Pink Star - pale pink;
- Purple Star - pale purple;
- Radar - dark red with a white center;
- Blue shades - blue.
Tender anemone prefers well-drained soils, likes partial shade, and is suitable for growing on shady flower beds between trees. In nature, the species is listed in the Red Book.
