Many diseases are caused not only by viruses and numerous bacteria. Pathogens are often pathogenic fungi. When such pathologies develop, therapy is carried out using appropriate medications. Fluconazole tablets are considered to be quite effective medicine in the treatment of fungal diseases.

Release form, composition and packaging

The main active component of the drug is fluconazole. The standard capsules of Fluconazole are 150 mg, but are also available in a dosage of 50 mg. The composition also includes excipients.

These include:

  • lactose monohydrate;
  • colloidal silicon dioxide;
  • sodium lauryl phosphate;
  • starch.

The medicine is packaged in blisters for one and two pieces. In the box, basically, 1 blister with the specified number of capsules.

Pharmacological action and indications for use

The drug has the ability to inhibit the growth and spread of fungal cells. The principle of action is manifested in the blocking of enzymes, which are structural elements of the cytochrome P450 system. This effect is specific only to fungi, and the cytochrome system itself is not affected. Fluconazole capsules successfully fight Candida fungi. Quickly enough they destroy cryptococci and trichophytons.

 

The main substance of the drug is rapidly absorbed. The effectiveness of the drug is affected by its unique bioavailability, amounting to almost 90%.The highest concentration in the bloodstream is reached after 60 minutes. By the way taking tablets from thrush along with food does not affect absorption.

Fluconazole is characterized by a weak interaction with hemoglobin. However, the active components of the drug can penetrate into any body fluids, for example, sputum and saliva. The content in them is similar to their amount in the blood. The high content of this product is noted in the epidermis and sweat fluid. Excretion is carried out by the kidneys (about 80%).

Instructions for use of fluconazole

The drug must be used if the patient has the following diseases:

  1. Localized candidiasis, which develops on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and digestive organs, as well as in the urogenital tract. Capsules are taken if the ointment is not effective enough.
  2. Severe candidiasis with the presence of an infectious process. A vast area of ​​tissues is affected: the peritoneum, urinary tract and respiratory system. In general, the infection develops due to a decrease in immunity in oncology and treatment with immunosuppressants. In addition, the reason is prolonged intensive care.
  3. Cryptococcal infection that affects the brain.
  4. Dermatomycosis. Usually they are localized in the inguinal region, on the trunk and feet.
  5. Onychomycosis. Fluconazole for nail fungus is also effective.
  6. Multi-colored (pityriasis) versicolor.
  7. Endemic mycoses: histoplasmosis and paracoccidiomycosis.

Fluconazole is recommended for prophylaxis to prevent fungal infections.

Dosage regimen

The dosage is prescribed based on the indications for treatment, the clinical picture and the treatment regimen.

A preliminary medical examination is carried out.

  1. Infectious diseases. First, 400 mg is taken, and then 200 mg per day. The duration of therapy depends on the time to achieve a positive result.
  2. Atrophic candidiasis of the oral cavity. Dentures cause the disease. The drug is taken 2 weeks at 50 mg. At the same time, antiseptic preparations intended for cleaning prostheses are used.
  3. Cryptococcal infections. The initial dose is 400 mg, and then 200-400 mg throughout the course of therapy. The duration of treatment is about 8 weeks.
  4. Oropharyngeal candidiasis. The dose for this disease is 50-100 mg per day. If necessary, treatment can be continued.
  5. Mycosis of the skin. Assign 50 mg per day or 150 mg per week (once). The duration of therapy is at least 6 weeks.
  6. Onychomycosis. Recommended intake - 1 time per week 150 mg. Treatment must be continued until a healthy nail. The effect is achieved after 6-12 months.
  7. Pityriasis versicolor. The medicine is used for about 4 weeks at 50 mg per day.
  8. Endnemic mycoses. The disease is severe, treatment can last up to 2 years. Dosage - 200-400 mg.
  9. Fluconazole for thrush. Take 150 mg at a time.

In preventive measures, the drug can be prescribed 1 capsule per month. The duration of treatment is determined individually and takes 4-12 months.

Special instructions for use

Before using the drug, it is advisable to carefully study the instructions and follow the rules for using the product.

Important recommendations:

  • the course of treatment must be carried out until a clear improvement, otherwise a premature cessation of capsule intake often leads to an exacerbation of the pathology;
  • during treatment, it is necessary to periodically monitor the state of the blood, as well as the functioning of the liver;
  • if the patient has AIDS, then Fluconazole capsules can provoke the appearance of a rash that is not the result of a fungal infection, while taking the drug immediately stops;
  • sometimes the toxic effect of the drug causes the development of hepatonecrosis, in which liver cells die;
  • it is necessary to carefully combine the drug with medicines that are rapidly metabolized in the liver;
  • it is better for pregnant and lactating women to refuse to take this medication, although in some cases when the condition threatens health, it can be used;
  • Before treatment, it is necessary to warn the doctor that other medicines are being taken;
  • the active component of the drug does not affect the nervous system, psychomotor reactions and concentration.

Fluconazole is strictly prescribed. To avoid negative reactions, it is forbidden to take this medication on your own.

You can either take pills during pregnancy and lactation

The medication is contraindicated in pregnant women. There is a high risk of provoking negative changes in the fetus, which will cause the formation of congenital anomalies. There are cases when the skull is deformed, a heart defect develops and the development of the muscular system is disrupted. Sometimes Fluconazole is still prescribed, but only in the first trimester. A dose of 150 mg is taken once.
The drug is harmful during breastfeeding, as it has good penetrating power. If it enters the baby's body, then severe poisoning immediately occurs, up to a fatal outcome.

Drug interaction

In order to avoid undesirable effects, the patient must be informed of the possible consequences when the drug is combined with other drugs.

How do other medicines affect fluconazole?

  1. Rifampicin reduces AUC and slows the half-life.
  2. Hydrochlorothiazide increases plasma concentration.
  3. Carbamazepine begins to inhibit metabolism and increase serum concentration.
  4. Amitriptyline increases its effectiveness.
  5. Celecoxib significantly increases the maximum concentration of fluconazole.
  6. Anticoagulants can cause bleeding.
  7. Losartan disrupts the metabolism of the drug.
  8. Diclofenac and Naproxen increase systemic exposure.
  9. Tacrolimus increases serum concentration by 5 times.

When combined with these drugs, a dosage adjustment of Fluconazal is often required.

Contraindications, side effects and overdose

Unfortunately, there are restrictions on the reception of funds. This list includes:

  • hypersensitivity to the ingredients of the drug;
  • pregnancy and lactation;
  • taking along with medications that extend the QT interval;
  • liver failure;
  • in the presence of a rash in the patient;
  • it is forbidden to use together with terfenadine;
  • proarrhythmogenic conditions;
  • age less than 4 years.

The drug is very carefully prescribed for the treatment of pregnant women.
Against the background of therapy with fluconazole capsules, manifestations of adverse reactions from various body systems are possible.

The most common:

  1. Nervous system: fatigue, dizziness, and sometimes cramps.
  2. Digestion: taste changes and appetite decreases, pain appears in the abdomen, nausea and vomiting occur. Rarely, but nevertheless jaundice can develop, alkaline phosphatase activity can increase. The outflow of bile is extremely rarely disturbed.
  3. Hematopoietic system. The number of neutrophils, platelets and granulocytes in the blood is reduced.
  4. Vascular system. The rhythm of heart contractions (atrial fibrillation) is lost.
  5. Allergic manifestations: epidermal necrolysis, rash, Quincke's edema and urticaria, pruritus.

Attention! The drug is considered potent, due to the high concentration of the active components of the drug.

If the prescribed dose is exceeded, then hallucinations may appear and a paranoid state may occur. Rinse the stomach urgently and take intestinal sorbents. If the condition is serious and the person is taken to the hospital, then saline solutions are injected, that is, they make forced diuresis. It reduces the concentration of the drug in the body by almost 50%.

Fluconazole Analogs

If necessary, then Fluconazole can be replaced with a medication that includes the same active component or it has a similar mechanism of action. Such drugs are commonly used in the treatment of fungal diseases.

Doctors recommend the following fluconazole analogues:

  1. Tsiskan. It is used in the treatment of skin infections, meningitis, sepsis and pathologies that are caused by cryptococcosis. As an additional medicine is taken in the presence of thrush. Safe in the first stage of pregnancy.
  2. Flucostat. The composition of the capsules of this product is similar to the composition of Fluconazole. Used for endemic mycoses and candidiasis. Pregnant women are not contraindicated, but should be taken as carefully as possible.
  3. Vero-Fluconazole. This is a complete analogue of the original. Everything is identical: the main indications, composition and tactics of treatment. Often used in long-term therapy of chronic mycoses.
  4. Hexal. Available in the form of tablets, powder and solutions. Usually used in the treatment of candidiasis. It is allowed to be used by pregnant women, but is prohibited during breastfeeding, as it penetrates into milk.
  5. Diflucan. It is quite effective in the defeat of yeast, dermatophytes and mold. It has a high antifungal effect, but has a lot of adverse reactions. Dosage is determined strictly individually.

This is not a complete list of drugs that can replace fluconazole. It is undesirable to choose a substitute on your own, this should be done by a specialist, otherwise unpredictable consequences are possible.

Fluconazole is an antifungal pill with a wide range of effects. But before use, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the annotation attached to the medicine. It has contraindications and undesirable effects, so you should first consult a doctor.

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