Metronidazole is an active component of the group of drugs with antiprotozoal, antimicrobial properties. The substance is highly active against the simplest microorganisms and anaerobic bacteria. The drug "Metronidazole" is prescribed for the treatment of a wide range of infectious diseases, including candidiasis, pseudomembranous colitis, amoebic and infusor dysentery, colpitis, protozoal invasion, etc.
Material Content:
Composition, release forms
"Metronidazole" has several advantages compared with drugs with a similar effect. The medicine effectively fights pathogens, contributes to the rapid disappearance of symptoms. The drug is available in several forms, is prescribed for internal and external use.
| Release form | Dose of metronidazole | Auxiliary components | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pills | in 1 table - 250 mg | stearite, cetylacetic acid, starch | 120-150 rub. (40 pcs.) |
| Vaginal suppositories | in 1 candle - 500 mg | polyethylene glycol | 130-150 rub. (10 pieces.) |
| Vaginal gel | in 1 g of gel - 10 mg | water, propylene glycol, etc. | 250-263 rub. (30 g) |
| Infusion solution | in 1 ml of solution - 10 mg | water, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. | 16-20 rub. (5 mg / ml 100 ml No. 1) |
| Cream for external use | in 1 g of cream - 10 mg | water, petroleum jelly, salt, propandion, etc. | 160-210 rub. (30 g) |
| Gel for external use | in 1 g of gel - 10 mg | carbopol 980 NF, propylene glycol, water, etc. | 200-250 rub. (25 g) |
Pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics
Metronidazole is an electron acceptor that has the ability to integrate into the respiratory chain of pathogens. As a result, the respiratory activity of bacteria is disrupted and they die. In some varieties of anaerobic microbes, the active substance inhibits the synthesis of a DNA molecule. The bioavailability of the active component exceeds 80%. Metronidazole is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract and is distributed throughout the body. Only 10-20% of the substance binds to plasma proteins.
As a result of the breakdown of metronidazole, metabolites are formed, which also have antiprotozoal and bactericidal effects. 80% of the metabolites are excreted in the urine, the rest - with feces.
Why is the drug prescribed?
"Metronidazole" is prescribed for various pathologies, the occurrence of which is provoked by the vital activity of the simplest bacteria and anaerobes. The scope depends on the form of the drug.
The main indications for the use of Metronidazole:
- infectious diseases of the digestive system (including those caused by the bacterium helicobacter pillory);
- trichomoniasis (infection caused by vaginal trichomonads);
- giardiasis (infection with unicellular helminths);
- inflammatory processes occurring in the area of the urethra;
- inflammation of the vaginal mucosa;
- abscess of various tissues and organs;
- blood poisoning (sepsis);
- peptic ulcer, etc.
"Metronidazole" is prescribed for various infectious diseases of the digestive system, pelvis, bone tissue, epidermis.
The drug is used not only for treatment, but also for the prevention of infection of the body after surgery.
Instructions for use and dosage of metronidazole
The treatment regimen with the drug depends on the form of release, diagnosis, condition of the patient. There are contraindications to the use of a medication. Its reception can cause unpleasant manifestations. Before starting the course, you must consult with your doctor. He will determine the dosage, taking into account the results of the tests and the data obtained during the examination.
250 mg tablets
Metronidazole tablets are taken during or after a meal. You do not need to chew them; you can drink it with a small amount of water or milk. The duration of the course is 1 or 7 days. In the first case, the daily dose is 8 tablets. They can be taken for 1 or 2 doses. With a seven-day regimen, the effectiveness of therapy is higher. It is necessary to take 3 p. in a day. If the drug is used to treat elderly patients, the dose must be adjusted.
Vaginal suppositories 500 mg and 100 mg
Vaginal suppositories "Metronidazole" is used to treat infections in gynecology. Suppositories (500 mg or 100 mg, depending on the neglect of the disease), it is recommended to introduce 2 r. a day in the morning and evening. The maximum daily dose is 1 g. Treatment should be carried out for 10 days. During this period, sexual relations should be excluded, carefully monitor the hygiene of the intimate zone, follow the instructions of the attending physician.
Cream for external use 1%
The cream is intended for topical use. The use of the drug in this dosage form is justified for diseases such as gangrene, eczema, pressure sores, hemorrhoids, etc. Apply the product to damaged areas of 3 r. in a day.
Gel for external use 1%
The gel is prescribed for acne rosacea, varicose veins, trophic ulcers, used to treat wounds that do not heal well. The product should be applied to thoroughly cleaned skin or mucous membrane 2 r. per day, having sustained an interval of 12 hours. The maximum therapeutic effect is achieved after 20 days. The duration of the course is 1-4 months.
Gel for vaginal use 1%
The tool is injected into the vagina using a special applicator. The daily dose is 10 g of gel, divided into two applications of 5 g each. Treatment should be carried out for 5 to 7 days. Metronidazole in gel form is indicated for various gynecological infections.
Solution for infusions (injections) 0.5%
The infusion solution is used to treat and prevent infectious diseases in adults and children over 12 years of age. The dosage regimen is determined individually in each situation, in most cases it is as follows: 100 ml of the drug intravenously every 8 hours. If Metronidazole is used to treat patients with kidney disease, the interval should be increased to 12 hours. During therapy, it is necessary to monitor blood counts, in particular the concentration of metranidazole. If necessary, the attending physician adjusts the dose.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
The drug can not be used to treat pregnant women, especially in the first trimester.
The active components of the drug penetrate the placenta, can have a negative effect on the development of the fetus.
During breastfeeding, Metranidazole is also not prescribed.
Drug Interactions with Other Drugs
It is strongly not recommended to combine the use of "Metronidazole" with the use of other drugs.
- A medication increases the effectiveness of warfarin, affects the synthesis of prothrombin.
- The simultaneous administration of Metronidazole with anti-alcohol drugs can provoke a malfunction of the nervous system.
- Histodil inhibits the breakdown and excretion of the active component of the drug.
- It is undesirable to use "Metronidazole" together with medicines containing lithium.
It is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol throughout the course.
Contraindications, side effects and overdose
"Metronidazole" is contraindicated in patients with diseases of the central nervous system, kidneys, liver, and blood system. Do not prescribe medication for children under 3 years old, pregnant women and during the period of hepatitis B. A contraindication is also a high sensitivity to the active substance and auxiliary components that are part of the medication.
The drug "Metronidazole" can provoke the occurrence of such adverse reactions:
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
- dizziness, loss of consciousness, headaches, migraine;
- violation of the functions of the organs of excretion (kidney, urethra, etc.);
- exacerbation of coronary heart disease;
- cramps, hallucinations;
- a change in the concentration of platelets and leukocytes in the blood;
- urticaria, runny nose, etc.
Exceeding the dose can turn into very unpleasant consequences for the patient, including convulsions, impaired coordination and consciousness, damage to the nervous system.
In case of an overdose, symptomatic treatment is carried out, aimed at reducing discomfort and relieving pain.
Metronidazole Analogs
Analogues of “Metronidazole” are included in the same pharmacokinetic category, have almost the same properties, but differ in composition, price. Among the most popular and effective substitutes is Trichopol. Thanks to an improved formula, its active substances are absorbed faster, have a less aggressive effect on the body. The medication can be used to treat pregnant women (from the 2nd trimester) and children from 6 years old.
- Patients with intolerance to metronidazole are usually prescribed Ornidazole.
- “Flagil” has pronounced antibacterial properties.
- "Trichosept" is effective in the treatment of urethritis and vaginitis.
- "Metrogil" in composition and properties is almost identical to "Metronidazole". As a result of the use of this medication, side effects such as dizziness, fainting, irritability, severe nervous irritability, loss of orientation in space, etc. can occur.
- The drug "Klion" is characterized by high efficiency and much less likely to cause adverse reactions, but costs more.
- For the treatment of gynecological infectious diseases, doctors often prescribe Mikozhinaks.
- "Fazizhin" is used to prevent infections in the postoperative period.
There are other analogues. The choice or replacement of the drug should be carried out by the attending physician.
