Many people like grapes for its benefit and sweetness, but not everyone likes to choose seeds. Breeders tried to solve this problem by breeding seedless varieties - raisins. Kishmish combines under its name various varieties of dessert grapes, distinguished by small berries, a sweet taste and the presence of underdeveloped, barely noticeable seeds.

Kishmish: seedless grape varieties

Kishmish is a group of grape varieties with large clusters consisting of sweet berries with a dense structure that can be stored fresh for a long time. When choosing a variety, it is worth knowing that not all representatives of the discussed grapes are seedless.

Among the most common are:

  • Radish raisin grapes - a common, high-yielding variety is distinguished by medium-tall bushes hung in the fruiting phase, light pink large clusters, the weight of which is difficult to withstand the graceful shoots of the plant. A significant drawback is intolerance to severe frosts.
  • Kishmish Elf is an early ripening variety represented by large bushes and bunches weighing up to 1.5 kg. It takes root well in regions with severe winters, as it tolerates a drop in temperature to -25 ° C.
  • Kishmish grape 342 is an early ripe variety with tasty, sweet berries, which, after ripening, can be on the bush for 2 months without losing their presentation and excellent taste. Thanks to frost resistance, grapes of this variety can be cultivated in cold zones. Among the shortcomings, the presence of tangible bones stands out.
  • Kishmish Jupiter is the result of the work of American breeders who bred a variety represented by massive bushes that give a good harvest and demonstrate excellent frost resistance. Pink or bluish berries have virtually no seeds.
  • Black raisins - one of the first varieties, originally from Central Asia, with dark blue berries that are used to produce dried products. The variety is not frost-resistant.

Attention! White raisins stand out with a high sugar content exceeding 20%.

Outdoor grape planting

For landing, well-lit, spacious areas near the support are suitable. Planting is best done in the second half of spring, when the threat of return frosts passes. It is possible to plant seedlings in the early fall, however, there is a risk of freezing out of defectively rooted crops.

Landing technology

Landing in open ground is carried out according to the following scheme:

  1. Landing pits with dimensions of 80x80 cm and a distance of 2-3 m are dug.
  2. At the bottom of the pit is placed a drainage layer of gravel, which is sprinkled with a mixture of humus, sand and sod land in equal proportions.
  3. Next, the support is installed.
  4. A sapling descends into the pit, the roots of which are covered with the extracted earth.
  5. The grapes are cut into 2 eyes, after which the trunk circle is watered and mulched after drying.

Read also:isabella grapes

Care and growing grape raisins

To increase the productivity of bushes, it is necessary to properly organize the care of raisins.

Watering

Moisture-loving plant needs systematic watering at the rate of 3 buckets of water under the bush with an interval of 4 days. 20 days before harvesting, hydration is minimized.

Loosening, weeding and mulching

To ensure free air access to the roots, you should regularly loosen the trunk circle, while removing weeds. Using mulch will enable the gardener to reduce the frequency of procedures.

Top dressing

Kishmish grapes are fed twice a season:

  1. Before flowering, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied under the bushes to build green mass.
  2. In the phase of ovary formation, the soil in the near-stem circle is enriched with phosphorus-potassium agrochemicals.

Caution! Excess macro - and micronutrients can slow down the development of the bush.

Pruning

In order for large clusters to form on the bushes with high-quality berries, they must be properly formed and regularly pruned. When forming a young specimen at 1 m in height, there should be no more than 12 vines. As the main technique, the classical method of long trimming is used, in which from 8 to 12 eyes are removed. Weak and diseased shoots that take away nutrients from the vine are also systematically removed.

Winter preparations

Despite the frost resistance of certain grape varieties of raisins, do not neglect the preparation of bushes for winter, especially in regions with harsh climatic conditions. After the first frosts, the grapes are removed from the support, twisted into a tourniquet and laid in a pre-prepared groove, where they are sprinkled with a 20 cm layer of earth. If there is fir spruce, the earth can be replaced with more handy material.

Disease and Pest Prevention

The most dangerous and widespread disease of grapes is mildew, which raisins are almost not subject to due to early ripening.

However, there is a list of other harmful organisms that can cause irreparable harm to the crop and the plant as a whole:

  • Wasps - in order to protect the berries from damage by these insects, it is recommended to smoke the bushes with smoke every week.
  • Spider mite - when a pest appears, the grapes should be treated with an insecticide.
  • May beetle larvae - to protect the root system from the soil pest, it is recommended that when planting, carefully dig the soil and manually remove the detected larvae.

Advice! As a prophylaxis of various diseases in early spring, grape bushes should be treated with Bordeaux mixture.

Breeding methods

Seedless grapes propagated vegetatively, which allows you to save all varietal characteristics.

Green cuttings

When the procedure is carried out at the beginning of flowering:

  1. Cuttings with 2 buds are cut.
  2. Planting material is buried in pots with a mixture of peat and sand, which are transferred to a shaded area.
  3. When the cuttings take root, the containers are exposed.
  4. With the advent of cold weather, the pots are sent for storage to the cellar.
  5. The following spring, cuttings are planted in the bucket, which is removed in early autumn.

Layering

A popular technique in which:

  1. The escape is laid in a pre-dug groove.
  2. The layer is pinned and sprinkled with a mixture of peat and sand.
  3. During the growing season, the future planting material is watered.
  4. With the advent of cold weather, an ingrained layering is dug up and divided.
  5. The roots of delenok are lowered into the clay solution, after which the planting material is sent to the cellar for winter storage.

Harvesting and storage

Grapes should be harvested in dry weather. Clusters that adhere to the crest leg are cut with pruners. Do not touch the berries so as not to erase the wax coating. Harvested crops, which are temporarily placed in baskets or boxes sent by grape leaves, are sent for storage to a dark, dry place with good ventilation. The bunches are laid out in a single layer on trellised shelves covered with a layer of straw.

Thus, it is not difficult to grow sweet and seedless raisins in a summer cottage if you follow the basic recommendations.

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