Hemorrhagic vasculitis is known as capillarotoxicosis, allergic vasculitis, and Shaileen-Genoch syndrome. The condition is characterized by damage to the small blood arteries on the skin and internal organs. Such a disease can occur in both a child and an adult.

Causes of hemorrhagic vasculitis

The causes of the disease are not exactly established to this day. There is an assumption that it develops as a result of malfunctions in the immune system. The production of antibodies that destroy the cells of blood vessels and capillaries. Due to this, the disease is classified as autoimmune.

There are a number of factors that can provoke the development of a disease process.

This condition occurs due to the following reasons:

  • injuries to the skin and blood vessels;
  • hypothermia;
  • transferred viruses and infections;
  • vaccinations;
  • parasitic diseases;
  • disorders in the endocrine system;
  • allergic reactions to food and medicine, especially antibiotics;
  • hormonal adjustment during pregnancy;
  • changes as a result of the development of malignant and benign neoplasms;
  • in the presence of foci of infection in the body.

And also, the disease can occur as a result of disorders at the genetic level and because of a hereditary predisposition.

Symptoms and signs of the disease

Symptoms of vasculitis depend on the form and severity of the disease, as well as the age of the patient. There are some differences in the manifestations of the disease in children and adults.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis in children

Such a violation rarely occurs in children under the age of three years, as a rule, it develops later. Symptoms in this case are more pronounced than in an adult.

You can recognize the disease by the following symptoms:

  • weakness and lethargy;
  • weight loss or slow weight gain;
  • elevated temperature;
  • skin rashes in the form of nodules and blisters;
  • dark red spots on the skin, similar to traces of hemorrhage;
  • joint swelling and pain;
  • digestive disorders;
  • changes in the structure and color of urine with kidney damage;
  • pain in the navel.

On a note. According to statistics, in girls this disease occurs 2 times less often than in boys.

Adult disease

Hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults proceeds against the background of the following symptoms:

  • rash, small or intense;
  • pain in the joints of the limbs;
  • swelling;
  • vomiting and nausea;
  • cramping in the stomach;
  • headaches;
  • spotting in the urine;
  • in severe cases, gastric bleeding.

Attention! The skin form of the disease does not always occur. In rare cases, a rash, nodules or blisters are absent on the patient’s body.

Classification of hemorrhagic vasculitis

Hemorrhagic vasculitis in children and adults is divided into phases of exacerbation and improvement. By the nature of the predominant symptomatology, the disease can be simple, articular abdominal or fulminant.

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In accordance with the severity, these forms are distinguished:

  • mild, with a satisfactory condition of the patient and a small number of rashes;
  • moderate, when the rash is plentiful and there are pains in the joints and abdomen;
  • severe, proceeding against the background of multiple rashes, edema, bleeding and acute renal failure.

The acute form of capillarotoxicosis lasts 4-8 weeks, prolonged - from 4 to 6 months. In severe cases of the disease, it becomes chronic.

Diagnostic measures

If hemorrhagic type of vasculitis is suspected, a comprehensive diagnosis is carried out, which includes the following measures:

  • examination of the skin;
  • ultrasound examination of internal organs;
  • blood test for white blood cells and immunoglobulins;
  • fecal examination;
  • biochemical and virological analyzes.

The purpose of diagnostic measures is to determine the nature of the disease and the severity of the lesions. Based on the data obtained, appropriate therapy is prescribed.

Treatment

Treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis is carried out under the supervision of several specialists, since the disease affects various organs and systems. A dermatologist, rheumatologist and infectious disease specialist must monitor the condition of the patient.

Treatment with traditional medicine

Drug therapy of capillarotoxicosis involves the use of the following groups of drugs:

  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory action. Such drugs help relieve joint pain, reduce swelling and severity of skin rashes. In the treatment of vasculitis, the use of Otrofen or Piroxicam is recommended.
  • Antiplatelet agents. Such drugs prevent the formation of blood clots and reduce blood coagulation. They are used for all forms of the disease. The most commonly prescribed are Aspirin and Curantil.
  • Cytostatics. These drugs act on the immune system and can reduce the production of antibodies. As part of the therapy, the use of Azathioprine and Cyclophosphamide is recommended.
  • Anticoagulants. These medicines are also designed to prevent blood clots and have anti-inflammatory effects. As part of therapy, Prednisolone is most often used.
  • Sorbing agents. These medicines remove toxins and metabolic products.With all forms of capillarotoxicosis, Thioverol and Nutriclins are prescribed.
  • Antihistamines. Allergy medications are effective only in the initial stage of the disease in children. As part of the therapy, Tavegil or Suprastin is prescribed.

In addition to medicines, doctors resort to methods that allow you to cleanse the blood of the substances that caused the disease.

The most common procedures are:

  • Immunosorption In this case, venous blood is passed through a vessel that is filled with a special sorbent. Its components bind antibodies and other immune complexes, which adversely affects blood vessels.
  • Hemosorption. With this procedure, a catheter is inserted, taking blood and passing it through a special device. After cleansing, it is returned to the body.
  • Plasmapheresis With such an intervention, the collected blood is divided into cells by passing through a centrifuge, and then returned, supplemented with donor plasma and replacement solutions.

Surgical intervention is performed in cases when it is necessary to transplant a new kidney, since the "native" organ can no longer cope with its functions. And also the operation is carried out in order to remove the affected and non-recoverable sections of the intestine.

Complementary or alternative therapy

Strengthen the effect of treatment will help folk remedies.

  • Before starting therapy, it is necessary to expel parasites from the intestines, and for these purposes, compositions based on tansy or wormwood are used.
  • After you can begin to cleanse the blood. With hemorrhagic vasculitis, decoctions based on frankincense are effective.
  • Green tea will help strengthen the walls of blood vessels, support the heart muscle and remove toxins.
  • To alleviate skin manifestations, lotions and compresses with medicinal avran and horse chestnut are used. Inside, you can take hemlock.
  • In addition, it is necessary to replenish the body with vitamin K. This can be done by taking a decoction of nettles, plantain, buckwheat and yarrow.

Attention! You can resort to alternative methods of treatment only after consulting a specialist.

Diet for hemorrhagic vasculitis

The diet for hemorrhagic vasculitis is based on the following principles:

  1. Eating up to 6 times a day.
  2. Chewing thoroughly.
  3. Food intake in small portions.
  4. Salt restriction.
  5. Replenishment of calcium deficiency.
  6. Saturation of cells with foods rich in vitamins A, B, C and K.
  7. The exception to potassium rich foods.

With a similar disease, the diet is made up of the following foods and dishes:

  • mashed soups;
  • boiled or steamed vegetables;
  • porridge based on water or milk;
  • dairy products;
  • sweet fruits;
  • fresh juices, green tea and broth of wild rose.

You can’t consume canned, salted and fried foods, mushrooms, citruses and berries, chocolate and coffee, as well as any products containing flavoring and coloring agents.

Consequences and forecast

With vasculitis, patients who receive timely treatment, in most cases, live another 5 years or more. The prognosis is less favorable if the patient falls ill over the age of 50 or there are serious lesions of the digestive tract, central nervous system and heart.

The following complications that cause vasculitis can aggravate the situation:

  • damage to the kidney tissue with a disorder of all functions;
  • rupture of the walls of the intestine or its blockage;
  • internal bleeding;
  • deep deformation of the muscles of the heart and valve damage;
  • hemorrhagic hemorrhage in the brain.

You can reduce the risk of complications by observing all the doctor’s prescriptions and adhering to the recommended diet.

Prevention of exacerbations of the disease

Since the exact causes of this violation have not been established, it is almost impossible to prevent its occurrence.

But there is a chance to avoid exacerbations if you follow these rules:

  1. Visit your healthcare provider regularly.
  2. Take feces and urine tests 2 times a year.
  3. Eliminate severe physical exertion and hypothermia.
  4. Avoid stress and emotional upheaval.
  5. Take the prescribed medication.
  6. Stick to a diet.
  7. For children, exclude vaccinations for 2 years.

Unfortunately, there are no treatments that guarantee a complete cure for vasculitis. But you can significantly improve the quality and life expectancy of the patient, if you take all the necessary measures to prevent relapse and complications.

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