The medicine quickly reduces or completely eliminates the manifestations of allergies - an inadequate response of the body to ordinary irritants. Taking Desloratadine helps get rid of the unpleasant symptoms of hay fever and chronic urticaria. In this case, drowsiness does not occur, the speed of psychomotor reactions does not decrease.
Material Content:
The composition of the drug
The concentration of desloratadine in tablets is 5 mg / pc. Other ingredients in solid dosage form can be micro-cellulose, gelatinized starch, mannitol, talc, magnesium stearate. The tablets are round, biconvex. Under a thin blue shell is the core of almost white.
Desloratadine tablets are produced by pharmaceutical companies in Russia, Israel, Hungary, and Turkey. The cost of the drug from Russian manufacturers is from 190 to 250 rubles. Imported products are more expensive. For example, the price of Desloratadine-Teva tablets is 370-470 rubles.
Pharmacological properties and indications for use
According to the mechanism of action, desloratadine is a blocker of H1-histamine receptors. Histamine is one of the regulators of physiological processes and “inflammatory mediators”. The release of a large number of compounds from the composition of mast cells occurs during an allergic reaction.
If histamine binds to the first subgroup of receptors (H1) in the tissues, then spasm of smooth muscles develops, then capillaries expand, and the permeability of the vascular walls increases. Blood components pass into the surrounding tissues, resulting in severe swelling.
Allergic reactions from the skin appear as redness, pink blisters, streaks, itching. As a result of swelling of the nasal mucosa, narrowing of the airways, there is severe congestion, profuse runny nose, shortness of breath.
Desloratadine has the following pharmacological properties:
- antipruritic;
- antihistamine;
- antiexudative;
- anti-allergic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- light pain medication.
After taking the drug, peripheral H1 receptors sensitive to histamine are blocked inside. The medicine prevents, reduces or stops the entry into the tissue of this mediator, responsible for the development of an allergic reaction. At the same time, the release and release of the cytokines involved in the inflammatory process into the intercellular space is inhibited.
Animal tests have proven the ability of the drug to block the development of acute allergic bronchospasm.
Desloratadine is well absorbed. After about 30 minutes, the drug is found in plasma. Researchers did not detect drug accumulation as a result of daily intake of 5–20 mg for 14 days.
Desloratadine is taken with the following allergy symptoms:
- redness (hyperemia), swelling of the skin and mucous membranes;
- copious discharge of watery mucus from the nose (rhinorrhea);
- itching of the skin, nasopharyngeal mucosa, palate;
- severe nasal congestion;
- sneezing.
An antihistamine is prescribed for exacerbations of an allergic rhinitis (year-round and seasonal rhinitis, hay fever), and chronic urticaria (urticaria). The most active phase of hay fever develops during flowering of a plant whose pollen is an allergen (birch, poplar, many cereals, wormwood, ragweed).
The cause of chronic idiopathic urticaria is most often unknown. It is believed that the leading role in the development of the disease belongs to autoimmune disorders. Signs of urticaria are skin itching and blisters that persist for more than 6 weeks.
Instructions for use and dosage of desloratadine
The average dose during the treatment of year-round allergic rhinitis and hay fever is 5 mg / day. This amount of desloratadine contains 1 tablet. This dosage is recommended for adult patients and adolescents over 12 years of age. After the symptoms disappear, you can stop taking the medicine.
If the manifestations of the disease resume, then you should again start drinking Desloratadine according to the same scheme - 1 tablet per day.
In the case of chronic idiopathic urticaria, the amount of agent and the duration of treatment vary. A standard dose of 5 mg does not always provide a sufficient duration of antihistamine action. If the disease affects large areas of the skin, then a dermatologist or allergist can prescribe the use of the drug in an amount of 7.5-15 mg / day. Reception of this means does not depend on food.
The development of drowsiness was not observed in controlled clinical trials with a dose of 5 mg / day. And also with an increase in a single dose of 1.5–2 times, the medicine did not show a negative effect on the psychomotor functions of patients.
The instructions for the use of antihistamines indicate that children from 1 year to 5 years should take 1.25 mg / day, children from 6 to 11 years old - 2.5 mg / day. A 5 mg tablet is difficult to divide into 4 parts, and this is not required. Desloratadine syrup is preferred.
During pregnancy and lactation
Animal studies have not confirmed a direct or indirect toxic effect on reproductive functions.Specialists obtained clinical data on the absence of desloratadine toxicity for the fetus and child. However, studies of the drug with the participation of pregnant and breast-feeding women have not been conducted.
It is prudent to avoid the use of desloratadine during these periods.
During pregnancy, itching and blisters often occur - symptoms of toxicosis. Hives cause hormonal changes in the body of a woman. You can use antiallergic drugs, but only drugs prescribed by your doctor. Usually, the doctor makes a decision based on a comparison of the benefits of treatment for the mother and the risk to the fetus / child.
Alcohol compatibility
The medicinal effect of the drug does not worsen while taking alcohol. In addition, the effect of alcohol on the nervous system is not enhanced in the presence of desloratadine. However, it is wiser to avoid a combination of medication and alcohol. There have been cases of intoxication and severe intoxication with the simultaneous use of an antihistamine and an “antiperspirant,” so care must be taken.
Drug interaction
The use of desloratadine is allowed with drugs from other therapeutic groups. The action of the antihistamine does not change in the presence of azithromycin, erythromycin, ketoconazole and cimetidine. The simultaneous use of NSAIDs leads to the rapid elimination of pain that has arisen against the background of the common cold, SARS.
Contraindications, side effects and overdose
Treatment with desloratadine is not performed during pregnancy. And also an anti-allergic agent is contraindicated in the presence of hypersensitivity to its active substance and / or excipients. Breastfeeding during therapy is recommended to be interrupted.
Relatively common side effects: increased fatigue, dry oral mucosa. Very rarely, in adults, a negative effect manifests itself in the form of pain, drowsiness, or insomnia. With an overdose, the severity of side effects of the drug increases. It is necessary to rinse the stomach, take enterosorbent (activated charcoal).
Analogues of antihistamine tablets
Historically, the first blockers of histamine H1 receptors are diphenhydramine and suprastin. Compared with the first generation antihistamines, the following drug generations have a number of features. The second generation are chifenadine (Fenkarol), clemastine (Tavegil). The third generation is called astemizole, dimetinden (capsules and drops of Fenistil), terfenadine.
The fourth generation includes loratadine, cetirizine, their active metabolites desloratadine and levocetirizine, as well as fexofenadine, ebastine, fenspiride. They have the highest efficiency and safety in comparison with the antihistamines of previous generations.
Desloratadine is an improved version of loratadine. The derivative acts faster and longer than its predecessor. Both drugs belong to antihistamines of the 3rd generation, do not penetrate the brain and spinal cord, therefore they do not have a sedative effect.
Benefits of Desloratadine:
- has a high affinity for histamine H1 receptors (3-4 times higher than that of loratadine);
- in addition to histamine, blocks the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines;
- practically does not pass through the blood-brain barrier;
- safe for the cardiovascular system.
Structural analogues contain the same amount of desloratadine - 5 mg in one tablet. Still produce funds in the form of a syrup with an active substance content of 500 μg / ml. Trade names for liquid preparations: Blogir-3, Desal, Lordestine, Elisei, Erius.
Analogues of desloratadine tablets (manufacturer):
- Lordestine (Gideon Richter);
- Alestamine (Sandoz);
- Nalorius (Nanolek);
- Elisha (Farmak);
- Desal (Actavis);
- Erius (Bayer).
Similar pharmacological properties have (trade names): levocetirizine (Xizal, Suprastinex), fexofenadine (Allegra, Telfast, Fexadin, Fexofast).
Desloratadine, as an antihistamine of the 4th generation, has many advantages with a minimum number of contraindications and side effects. The tool does not have a hypnotic effect, does not enhance the effect of alcohol, does not reduce the concentration of attention. Tablets can be taken by adults and adolescents, syrup - children, starting from the age of 6-12 months.
