Pain during urination in women is a signal of the dysfunction of the genitourinary system. Ignoring this symptom is dangerous. If you do not make a timely diagnosis and do not start treatment, in the future you can get a constantly recurring chronic disease that greatly reduces the quality of life of a woman.
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Causes of pain during urination in women
First of all, you need to understand that not every painful sensation is associated with a disease. For example, sometimes a slight burning sensation and discomfort during urination occurs after prolonged sexual intercourse. This is just a consequence of the mechanical irritation of the urethra - the urethra. This kind of pain is mild and passes quickly.
Caution and plan a visit to a urologist is necessary in the following cases:
- pain in the urethra and bladder is very pronounced, does not go away for a long time;
- frequent urination;
- urination is scarce, urine is dark, cloudy or with traces of blood.
These symptoms indicate the development of the inflammatory process. The impetus for it is most often the penetration of the infection into the urinary tract, so you can’t count on the fact that it will somehow “pass by itself”. The structural features of the female genital organs allow the pathogenic flora to easily wander from the vagina and intestines to the urethra, and the infection that is ignored will return again and again. In this regard, urologists definitely recommend visiting a gynecologist.
Of the gynecological diseases, urinary tract infections are most often caused by the following:
- vulvitis, vaginitis and vulvovaginitis;
- candidiasis (thrush);
- sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis and others).
In addition, an important role is played by the general state of immunity of a woman. Its decline, associated with frequent respiratory infections, improper diet and lifestyle, stress and hypothermia, does not allow the body to resist infection.
What diseases is associated with?
The causes of pain during urination are most often associated with the development of the following diseases of the urinary tract:
| Disease | Features of the disease |
|---|---|
| Urethritis | Urethral inflammation. May be non-infectious and infectious. Non-infectious urethritis is caused by mechanical injuries of the urethra, tumors of the pelvic organs, venous congestion, allergic reactions. Infectious is associated with the penetration of pathogenic flora into the urethra through the urethra or with blood flow (hematogenous pathway). |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the mucous membrane or muscle layer of the bladder. It is almost always associated with an infection that can penetrate either through the urethra or from the kidneys. Very rarely, the bladder becomes infected by the hematogenous route. The disease easily becomes chronic. |
| Pyelonephritis | Inflammation of the renal pelvis and tubules. It has an infectious nature. Often develops against cystitis with the penetration of pathogenic flora into the kidneys from the bladder. The hematogenous pathway of infection is less common. The disease easily becomes chronic. |
| Urolithiasis disease | Pain in urination in this case appears when the urinary tract is irritated by passing salt crystals. In this case, there may be no infection and inflammation. |
| Bladder neoplasms | In this case, pain is caused by tumors. The presence of infection is optional. |
One symptom is never diagnosed. Painful urination should be the reason for going to the doctor, a complete history and all the necessary tests.
Pain at the end of urination: causes
If the pain increases at the end of the urination act, there may be several reasons:
- Upon completion of urination, the muscles of the bladder contract. The inflamed mucous membrane contracts, and the pain reaction intensifies. A similar process is observed with cystitis and urethritis.
- If the mucous membranes are not inflamed, but sand or small stones pass through the urinary tract, pain at the end of the act is caused by microtraumas. The phenomenon is characteristic of urolithiasis.
- In the absence of impurities in the urine and inflammation of the membranes, pain at the end of urination may intensify due to compression of the tumors by the muscles of the bladder.
Thus, this symptom is characteristic of almost all diseases of the urinary tract and is associated with the very mechanism of emptying the bladder.
Pregnancy Ailment
Often, pain in urinating is experienced by pregnant women. This is especially often observed in late pregnancy.
In such a situation, the attending physician must first exclude the presence of all of the above diseases. If they are not, then the pain is purely physiological in nature. A growing uterus compresses the bladder, and this is what causes discomfort.
Sometimes pain during urination occurs after childbirth. This is a more serious phenomenon, which may be associated with rupture of the urethra, and it must be immediately reported to the doctor.
The nature of pain during urination
Monitoring the nature and intensity of the pain will help the doctor make the correct diagnosis. Therefore, when visiting a urologist, it is important to tell him what kind of pain occurs during urination:
| Nature of pain | Associated symptoms | Probable diagnoses |
|---|---|---|
| With a full bladder - pulling, with urination - strong, cutting. | • frequent urination, constant desire to empty; • cloudy urine; • may increase the temperature. | With an increase in temperature - acute cystitis. Without increase - exacerbation of chronic cystitis. Combined cystitis and urethritis. |
| Cutting pain and burning sensation occurs only during urination, in between the discomfort in the bladder is weakly expressed. | • urine separation is scarce, difficult, abrupt interruption of the urine stream is possible; • the appearance in the urine of impurities, turbidity, blood; • chills, nausea, or vomiting; • severe paroxysmal lower back pain. | Urolithiasis (urolithiasis) |
| Acute pain and burning when emptying the bladder, constant pulling pain in between. | • frequent urination; • darkening and clouding of urine, the appearance of blood and pus in it; • swelling of the fingers and face; • constant dull back pain - on one or both sides; • may increase the temperature. | With an increase in temperature - acute pyelonephritis. Without an increase, exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis combined with cystitis. |
| Acute pain and burning during urination in the urethra, in between the discomfort is weakly expressed. | • swelling and redness of the external tissues in the urethra; • increased pain when touching the exit of the urethra. | Urethritis |
| Drawing dull pain in the bladder, worse when urinating. | • frequent urination; • urinary incontinence during physical exertion; • the appearance of blood in the urine; • difficult urine separation, with attempts. | Bladder neoplasms |
After determining the nature of the pain and collecting an anamnesis, laboratory tests of urine and blood are necessary. In some cases, to clarify the diagnosis, ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder, urethroscopy, chromocystoscopy and consultation of other specialized specialists - a gynecologist and oncologist may be required.
What will help relieve pain?
With the development of acute pathologies of the urinary tract, pain can be so intense that it can be difficult for a woman to move. Frequent urge to the toilet also makes a visit to the clinic difficult. You can temporarily relieve pain with the help of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antispasmodics:
| Drug name | Dosage | Contraindications |
|---|---|---|
| No-shpa | 2 tablets 40 mg 1-3 times a day | • lactase deficiency; • hepatic and renal failure; • individual intolerance. |
| "Papaverine" | 2 tablets of 40 mg 1-3 times a day or 1 rectal suppository 1-2 times a day | •elderly age; • heart rhythm disturbances; •glaucoma; • hepatic and renal failure; • hypothyroidism; • individual intolerance. |
| Nurofen Plus | 1 tablet 2 times a day | • high blood pressure; • increased intracranial pressure; • gastrointestinal tract diseases; • renal and hepatic insufficiency; •pregnancy; • allergy to salicylates; • respiratory or heart failure |
In mild cases, plant uroseptics help relieve unpleasant symptoms:
- "Kanefron N" in a dragee - 2 tablets 3 times a day;
- "Kanefron N" in drops - 50 drops 3 times a day;
- "Cyston" - 2 tablets 3 times a day.
If there is no suitable drug at hand, you can use a proven folk remedy. Rinse half a glass of raw millet groats and pour a glass of cold water. Stir for 5 minutes to make the color of the water whitish, strain the solution and drink it, then lie down for 10-15 minutes. During this time, the pain in the bladder subsides, and the woman gets the opportunity to get to the hospital.
Preventive measures
Prevention of urinary tract pathologies should begin as early as possible. Particular attention should be paid to her after the onset of sexual activity.
You can reduce the risk of developing diseases by observing the following rules:
- strict observance of genital hygiene;
- regular scheduled examinations by a gynecologist;
- avoidance of casual sexual intercourse and aggressive traumatic sexual acts;
- timely treatment of common infectious diseases;
- wearing comfortable underwear.
In addition, it is important to lead a correct lifestyle, avoid stress, hypothermia and monitor the state of immunity. A woman’s happy life to a large extent depends on the health of her urogenital area.
